CASE TRACKER

The State of Arizona and Adelita Grijalva (Representative-elect for Arizona’s 7th Congressional District) sue the U.S. House of Representatives, House Clerk Kevin McCumber, and Sergeant-at-Arms William McFarland. They allege that Speaker Mike Johnson unlawfully refused to administer the oath of office to Ms. Grijalva—despite her uncontested election and clear constitutional qualifications—thereby denying Arizona full congressional representation.

Plaintiffs Red Wine & Blue and the Ohio Alliance for Retired Americans filed suit against Ohio Secretary of State Frank LaRose and Registrar of Motor Vehicles Charles Norman in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio, challenging a provision in the 2025 Transportation Appropriations Bill (HB 54) that requires individuals applying for or renewing a driver’s license at the Bureau of Motor Vehicles to present unspecified “proof of United States citizenship” before being offered the opportunity to register to vote. The complaint alleges that this proof-of-citizenship requirement violates Sections 5 and 8 of the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA), which allow only the “minimum information necessary” to assess voter eligibility and preempt state laws that impose additional documentation requirements beyond a sworn attestation of citizenship under penalty of perjury, as well as the First and Fourteenth Amendments because the statute is impermissibly vague and invites arbitrary enforcement. Plaintiffs contend that the law unlawfully restricts the right to vote, disproportionately burdens women, older voters, and students who may lack immediate access to documents like passports or birth certificates, and conflicts with longstanding federal and Ohio practices allowing voter registration based solely on attestation. The complaint further argues that Ohio’s legislature added the nine-line amendment to HB 54 without hearings or justification, despite no evidence of significant noncitizen voting in Ohio—citing the Secretary of State’s own investigations yielding only a handful of prosecutions out of millions of votes cast. Both organizations allege the law undermines their missions to promote civic participation and forces them to divert resources to help members overcome these new barriers. The plaintiffs seek declaratory and injunctive relief barring enforcement of HB 54’s proof-of-citizenship provision, as well as attorneys’ fees and any other appropriate remedies.

Plaintiffs League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC), the Secure Families Initiative (SFI), and the Arizona Students’ Association (ASA) filed a federal lawsuit in the District of Columbia against the Executive Office of the President, the U.S. Election Assistance Commission (EAC) and its commissioners, the Department of Justice, the Department of Defense, and the Federal Voting Assistance Program, challenging Executive Order 14248, issued by President Trump on March 25, 2025, titled “Preserving and Protecting the Integrity of American Elections.” The complaint alleges that the order unconstitutionally usurps powers belonging to Congress and the states by directing federal agencies to impose new election rules, including requiring documentary proof of citizenship (DPOC) for voter registration using the National Mail Voter Registration Form and the Federal Post Card Application used by military and overseas voters. Plaintiffs claim the President lacks authority to direct the independent EAC or to condition federal election funds on compliance with these new requirements, arguing the order violates the Elections Clause, separation of powers, and the National Voter Registration Act (NVRA). The order also directs the Attorney General to penalize states that count mail ballots received after Election Day, which plaintiffs argue unlawfully interferes with state-established election procedures and voter rights. The organizations assert the order would disenfranchise eligible voters—particularly Latino voters, military families, students, and overseas voters—who may lack or have difficulty submitting DPOC such as passports or “Real ID” licenses, and would harm their voter registration missions by forcing costly diversions of resources. The complaint seeks declaratory and injunctive relief to block implementation of the Executive Order, arguing it exceeds presidential authority, violates federal statutes including the NVRA, HAVA, and UOCAVA, and threatens irreparable harm to voters’ constitutional rights and election integrity nationwide.